Follow-on is a tactical decision wherein the team that is batting first can force their opponents to bat again as soon as possible after the completion of their first innings, depending on the condition of the match. The primary aim of this decision is to hasten a match so that it might have a result if there is time left.
Follow-on under Law 14 of Laws of Cricket, can be applied in certain circumstances when a match has reached its duration. In a five day Test match if the home team has created a first innings lead of at least 200 runs they could enforce the follow on of the visiting side. Whereas for matches scheduled for two, three and four days only, leads of 100, 75 and 150 runs respectively should be gained as a result of the first innings so that the opponent could enforce the follow-on.
The decision to enforce the follow-on is multi-faceted. Captains are required to weigh, from their end, physical endurance of their bowlers; prevailing weather conditions at play; the state of the pitch; and time in the match. In essence, enforcing the follow on can increase pressure on the batting side, with them possibly getting wrapped up fast but also means that the bowlers have to prepare for the potential long spells without adequate rest, thereby killing their effectiveness.
Historically, teams with follow-on have often recorded marvelous comebacks. It could be remembered that such instances are few, for instance, the Headingley Test of 1981 between England and Australia, where after the requirement of following on, under Ian Botham’s scintillating performances England had overturned the deficit, ultimately winning the match. That’s a rare occurrence and just makes the decision to follow or not a little more complicated.
In modern cricket, the follow-on is often not enforced. Teams look to bat again and pile up a big total. This allows their bowlers to rest and the wicket to deteriorate so that the bowlers can help them win in the final innings. This cautious approach limits the chances of a counter attack by the opposing team and ensures the bowlers are at an optimal level to capitalize on conducive pitch conditions later in the match.